Influence of isoniazid on T lymphocytes, cytokines, and macrophages in rats

T lymphocytes, cytokines, and macrophages play important roles in the clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) by the immune system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of isoniazid on the functions of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Healthy rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups and named according to the duration of drug feeding, 1, 3, and 3 months followed by drug withdrawal for 1 month. The experimental groups were fed with isoniazid (12 mg/mL) and the control groups with normal saline. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes, level of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and function of macrophages were determined at these three time points. Isoniazid significantly increased the percentage of CD4+T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte cell ratio (P < 0.05). It transiently (<1 month) enhanced the functions of rat macrophages significantly (P < 0.05). In summary, isoniazid could increase the percentage of CD4+T lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte cell ratio, and enhance macrophage function in healthy rats

Evaluation of the teaching environment among the primary and secondary schools in China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the current status of the primary and secondary schools’ teaching environment in China and associated factors,and to provide the support for making differentiated interventional stategies.@*Methods@#Data regarding to information of the primary and secondary schools was obtained by random inspection from the National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2018. Chi-square test was used to compare differences of qualified rates between groups. Spearman correlation analyses was applied to examine the correlations among population density, per capita GDP and qualified rates.@*Results@#Among the total of 37 531 schools, the overall qualified rate of teaching environmental sanitation of primary and secondary schools in 2018 was 59.1%. The qualifying rate in urban areas (60.3%) was higher than that of rural areas (59.4%) and towns (56.7%). Primary schools (59.8%) had higher qualifying rates than junior high schools (58.2%) and senior high schools (51.8%). In terms of each evaluation item, the qualifying rates of school furniture equipment including desks and chairs were the lowest, while the qualifying rates of dormitory ventilation ranked highest. Large variations among provinces were observed for the qualifying rates for school furniture equipment, as well as blackboard illumination. Those provinces with higher per capita GDP and higher population density had higher the qualifying rates for school furniture equipment.@*Conclusion@#The overall qualifying rate of Chinese primary and secondary schools’ teaching environment is low. Among all the evaluation measures, qualifying rates of dormitory ventilation are relatively good, while school furniture equipment needs to be improved. Notably, strengthened and targeted management should be applied to improve schools’ teaching environment in new era.

Distribution and major influencing factors of annual systolic blood pressure variability: results from a large cohort study / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution and major influencing factors of annual systolic blood pressure variability from a large population cohort.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this prospective cohort study, data from Kailuan Group employees who attended all 4 physical examinations ( taken in June 2006 to October 2007, June 2008 to October 2009, June 2010 to October 2011, June 2012 to October 2013, respectively) were analyzed (32 959 males and 10 401 females, mean age: (48.2 ± 11.5) years old). Systolic blood pressure variability was defined as the standard deviation (SSD) and the coefficient of variation (SCV) of systolic blood pressure of 4 physical examinations. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the related influencing factors of SSD and SCV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The mean of SSD and SCV for this cohort was 10.91 mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) and 8.34%, respectively. SSD and SCV increased in male and female with increasing age (both P < 0.001). (2) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure (β = 0.225, P < 0.001), age (β = 0.163, P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (β = 0.038, P < 0.001), the use of anti-hypertensive drugs (β = 0.038, P < 0.001), sex (β = 0.038, P < 0.001), smoking (β = 0.025, P < 0.001), alcohol drinking (P = -0.022, P < 0.001), physical exercise (β = -0.018, P = 0.001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (β = 0.016, P = 0.001) body mass index (β = -0.011, P = 0.018) were related to SSD. Age (β = 0.139, P < 0.001), sex (β = 0.055, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (β = 0.047, P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (P = 0.033, P < 0.001), drinking (β = -0.030, P < 0.001), body mass index (β = -0.026, P < 0.001), the use of anti- hypertensive drugs (β = 0.026, P < 0.001), smoking (β = 0.024, P < 0.001), physical exercise (β = -0.015, P = 0. 001), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (β = 0. 014, P = 0. 001) were related to SCV.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SSD and SCV increase with increasing age. Systolic blood pressure, age, fasting blood glucose, the use of anti-hypertensive drugs, sex, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein, body mass index are major influencing factors for SSD. Age, sex, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, alcohol drinking, body mass index, the use of anti-hypertensive drugs, smoking, physical exercise, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein are major influencing factors for SCV.</p>